Coeliotomy, also known as laparotomy, is a surgical procedure involving an incision into the abdominal cavity. It is performed to access the abdominal organs for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Coeliotomy may be used in emergency situations, such as to address trauma, internal bleeding, or ruptured organs, or for planned surgeries, such as tumor removal, treatment of abdominal infections, or to repair hernias. The procedure allows surgeons to directly visualize the abdominal organs and tissues, providing greater access for complex surgeries that cannot be performed using minimally invasive techniques. During the procedure, an incision is made in the abdomen, typically along the midline, to open the abdominal cavity. The size and location of the incision depend on the specific medical condition being treated. Coeliotomy is performed under general anesthesia and requires careful planning, as the abdominal cavity houses numerous vital organs. While coeliotomy is a necessary and sometimes life-saving procedure, it carries several potential risks and complications. Common complications include infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding organs or structures, such as the intestines or blood vessels. There is also the risk of adhesions, where scar tissue forms inside the abdomen, potentially causing long-term pain or bowel obstruction. Post-operative complications such as wound infection or hernia at the incision site may occur. Recovery can be lengthy and requires proper wound care, pain management, and sometimes prolonged hospital stays. Patients also need follow-up care to monitor for any long-term effects, such as the development of adhesions or chronic pain.
